Brush and process of making same



R. J. MONTGOMERY. BRUSH AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 13, 1918. 1,370,343, Patented Mar. 1, 1921 2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

,Fiy. Z. 2

2 FAA-MAJ; 2

ATTORNEY R. J. MONTGOMERY. BRUSH AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME. APPLICATION FILED JULY13, 191a.

Patented Mar. 1, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

% //V E/V7'0 1 W I By UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT J. MONTGOMERY, OI CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, AQSIGNOB 'I'O SANI'IAZ BRUCE I COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

BRUSH AND PROCESS OI MAKING BAKE.

To allwhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT J. MONTGOM- ERY a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Im rovements in Brushes and Processes of aking Same, of which the followin is a specification.

y invention is an improved brush. The invention relates to the attachment of the bristles or hairs to the base of abrush and is applicable to brushes designed for various uses. I have illustrated my invention in connection with an ordinary hair brush, in which article it has certain advantages over prevailing methods and forms of construction.

The nature of my invention will clearly appear from the following description and claim taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming part of this application, in which drawings:

Figure l is a fragmentary view showing in section part of the metal base of a brush. This view shows one socket in the brush base with a tuft of bristles and an anchor abovethe socket and ready to be inserted therein.

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but view- I ing the structure at 90 degrees from the viewpoint in Fig. 1, and showing the anchor and bristles inserted in the socket but not secured therein.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view slmilar to Figs. 1 and 2 and shows one socket with the bristles in place and the operation of attaching them completed.

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 showing a modified form of construction.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view looking d1 rectly at the metal base of the brush and exhibiting one socket of the form shown in Figs. 1 to 3.

Fig. 6 is a detailed v1ew of one of the anchors,

Fig. 7 is a side view of a completed brush embodying the form of construction illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3.

Fig. 8 is a modified form of construction wherein no holding anchor is used.

In Figs. 9 to 16 I have illustrated mechanism for carrying out the operat ons illustrated in the preceding views. Fig. 9 represents the machine with the anchor cutting die drawn to its outer position, the needle which forces the anchors and bristles into Specification of Letters Patent.

the sockets in its upper position and the swa-ging anvil in its lower position. In Fig. 10 the die for cutting the anchors is shown in its inner position, having just completed the cutting of an anchor and having placed the same in position below the needle. In Fig. 11 the needle has been moved to its lower position, forcing the anchor and bristles into the socket. Fig. 12 is a fragmentary view showing one of the sockets and part of the machine, an anchor and bristles having been placed in. the socket preparatory to swaging the edge of the socket. In Fig. 13 the socket is shown swaged inwardly at its upper edge to retain the bristles. Fig. 14 is a view similar to Fig. 13, but at an angle of ninety degrees from. the position shown in Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a view similar to Fig. 11, simply showing the needle partially raised. Flg. 16 is a cross-sectional view through the anchor, socket and bristles. p

The metal base'l of the brush in the form of construction illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3' and 7 is provided with a plurality of projecting bosses 2, one boss for each tuft of bristles. These bosses are preferably, though, of course, not necessarily cylindrical in form. The bosses are hollow, being merely cylindrical shells open at their outer ends, thus forming the sockets wherein the bristles are attached to the base. In Fig. 1 I have shown one of these sockets in the form in which it is originally prepared and in the same figure have shown above the socket a tuft of bristles 3 with an anchor 4 pressed down upon the middle of the tuft, the anchor 4 being shown in perspective in Fig. 6. The next stage in the operation of attaching the bristles is illustrated in Fig. 2 wherein the anchor 4 has been thrust downwardly into the socket 5, thus folding the bristles midway between their ends and carrying the folded part of the tuft into the socket, the anchor in the assembled position overlying the central folded part of the bristles. The next stage in the process of attaching the bristles is illustrated in Fig. 3 and consists in swaging or otherwise forcing the metal at the mouth or edge of the socket- Patented Mar. 1, 1921. Application and m 13, ms. Serial no. mesa.

tion of the walls of the socket may have the effect of imposing 1pressure directly upon the ed es of the anc or to prevent removal of the ristles. In practice, however, I have preferred to rely principally upon the con striction of the mouth of the socket to a diameter less than the width of the anchors, and this constriction may be carried to such a point as to compress the bristles, thereby sealing the sockets against entrance of water or other liquid used upon the brush.

While the form of construction above described in which the sockets consist of hollow cylindrical bosses projecting from the metal base is the form of my invention which I at present prefer, it will be obvious that the invention is not necessarily restricted to the construction of the sockets in this particular form. .As illustrated in Fig. 4, the

sockets may consist simply of cylindrical depressions in a flat metal base. When so constructed a somewhat different form of tool and somewhat different manipulation will be necessary for the purpose of contracting the outer edges or mouths of the sockets to prevent withdrawal of the anchors and bristles. In Fig. 4 I have shown the constriction of the socket as effected by depressingthe metal around the socket at 8 and defiecting the displaced metal inwardly to form an inwardly projecting ridge at 9, the mouth of the socket thus being reduced to a diameter less than. the width of the anchor.

It will be noted that while the anchor is being forced with the folded tuft into the socket, the close fit of the lower edge of the anchor within the socket and the concavity of its lower edge help hold the bristles of the tuft together and lessen the likelihood of their escape around the edge of the anchor into the space between it and the adjacent wall ofthe socket, as would be the case were' the fit loose and the lower edge straight. In this way a maximum number of bristles of each tuft are folded and held at the bottom of the socket.

The process forming part of my invention is simple and economical in practice, the resulting brush is free from wires and the metal base is free from such irregularities of form as would lend themselves with the wires to the accumulation of objectionable foreign matter. Furthermore, the base of the brush can be provided with cleansing perforations between the bosses, as illustrated at 10 in Fig. 5.

In Fig. 8 I have shown in cross-section one socket of a brush in which the bristles are held by direct pressure of the constricted mouth of the socket and without the use of an anchor. The process of attaching the bristles without anchors is similar to the method followed when anchors are used, except for the fact that the bristles are folded and the folded part forced into the socket by direct pressure of a tool or part of a machine instead of by pressure upon an anchor directly contacting with the bristles. After the folded part of the tuft of bristles has been forced into the socket the tool or mechanism used for that purpose is withdrawn and the mouth of the socket is constricted as illustrated. The constricted mouth of the socket holds the bristles in place both by direct pressure upon the bristles at the point where the edge of the socket. is constricted" upon them, and also by the enlargement resulting from folding the bristles, the fold of the bristles lying within the socket being of greater diameter than the tuft at a distance from the fold where the bristles lie parallel.

Referring now to a form of mechanism which I have found suitable for carrying out my process, I have found that machines similar in their general construction to those heretofore used for attaching bristles by means of anchors may be used, it being necessary, however, to modify the construction of these machines somewhat and to introduce some new features in order to effect those operations which do not form part of previous processes.

Referring to Figs. 9 to 16, the mechanism illustrated comprises generally a stationary head 20, a stationary table 21 and an anvil 22 provided with connections, not illustrated, for intermittently reciprocating the same in a vertical direction. I have not illustrated the power mechanism and connections for actuating these parts, as they may be of any convenient construction and form no part of the invention claimed herein, which is restricted to the article and the process of making the same.

The anchors are formed from a strip of metal 23 which is' fed through a slot in the head 20, the slot extending at right angles to the plane of the drawing. Suitable means, not illustrated, are provided for intermittently feeding the strip 23 and for synchronizing the feeding of the metal strip with the other operations performed by the mechanism. A die 24 operating in'a slot 25 extending at right angles to the slot in the head 20 through which the metal strip 23 is fed is provided for the purpose of cutting the anchors from the metal strip, the cross section of the die and of the slot in which it moves being of the required shape of the anchors. Extending vertically through the machine intersecting the slot in which the die operates is a slot 26 in which a vertically reciprocating needle 27 operates. Beneath bristles to a position upon the ta slot 26 in which the needle 27 operates. This central aperture in the member 28 is of substantially the same size as the sockets in the brush base and the lower part of the aperture29 is flared outwardly, as indicated at 30, to embracethe upper edge of the bosses 2 upon the brush base 1, which, in the operation of the machine is mounted upon the anvil 22, as illustrated, and accurately positioned beneath the member 28 with the upper edge of the boss projecting into the flared lower end of the aperture in that member. Suitable mechanism, not illustrated, and of a character well known in the art, is provided for feedin tufts of le21 beneath the slot 26. In Fig. 101 have shown a tuft of bristles 31 in the position referred to and ready to be operated upon by the mechanism.

The sequence of operations in using the machine is as follows:

At the start the needle 27 is drawn to its upper position, the die 24 is withdrawn to its outer position and the anvil 22 is moved to its extreme lower osition to permit the brush to be positioned with one of its sockets beneath the opening in the member 28. The anvil is then raised to an intermediate position illustrated in Figs. 9, 10 and 12, in which position the socket is held in registry with the opening in the member 28. The die 24 is then moved inwardly to the position illustrated in Fig. 10, thereby cutting an anchor 4 from the strip 23 and ositioning the anchor in the slot 26 direct y beneath the needle 27. The die 24 is then moved outwardly, as shown in Fi 11, and the needle 27 is forced downwar 1y. As the needle moves downwardly it forces the anchor 4 downwardly in the slot 26 and when the anchor contacts with the center of the tuft of bristles 31 the bristles are folded and carried downwardly through the aperture 29 in the member 28 and in the lowermost part of its movement the needle forces the anchor 4 overlying the fold of the bristles into the socket 5 in the base of the brush, this latter position'of the mechanism, bristles and anchor being: illustrated in Fig. 11. As soon as the anchor and bristles have been inserted in the socket, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12,

the needle is withdrawn and the anvil 22-is raised to its upper position illustrated in Figs. 13 to 15 thus forcing the edge of the boss 2 into the converging mouth of the opening in the member 28, thereby swaging the edges of the socket inwardly, as illustrated at 7 in Figs. 13 and 14, which inward swagin has the effect of securely holding the anc or and bristles in place as hereinabove described.

When the bristles are attached, as illustrated in Fig. 8, without the use of an anchor, the procedure and apparatus may be similar to that above described except for the omission of the anchor cutting die, and the provision of a needle having its lower end of sufiicient width to engage the bristles 31 and force them into the socket. After the withdrawal of the needle the socket may be contracted at its upper edge in the way and by means similar to that above described in connection with the anchor form of construction.

What I claim is:

An article of the class described comprising a one-piece metal back havin a plura ity of sockets integral therewit and a plurality oftufts of bristles, each socket having a closed surrounding wall and a closed inner end wall, each tuft of bristles being folded intermediate its ends and havingits folded part within one of said sockets engaging its peripheral wall and its inner end wall, a flat metal anchor for each tuft of bristles closel fittin against opposite portions of said perip eral wall and 1 ing within the fold of bristles, said an- 'e ors pressing the bristles compactly and firmly against. the end walls of the sockets and being of such length that their outer ends lie inward of the outer ends of the sockets, and the walls of said sockets exerting pressuredirectly upon the edges of the anchors to prevent removal of the.

bristles and engaging the bristles to compress them and thus seal the socket a ainst the entrance of water or other liqui used upon the brush.

In testimony whereof I, have subscribed my name.

ROBERT J. MONTGOMERY. 

